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Polish hussars
The Polish Hussars (, , or ; (ポーランド語:Husaria)), or Winged Hussars, were one of the main types of the cavalry in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between the 16th and 18th centuries. When this cavalry type was first introduced by the Serbian and Hungarian mercenary horsemen at the beginning of the 16th century, they served as light cavalry banners in the Polish army; by the second half of the 16th century and after Stephen Báthory's reforms, hussars had been transformed into heavily armored shock cavalry. Until the reforms of the 1770s, the husaria banners were considered the elite of the Polish cavalry.
==Origin==
(詳細はhussar" derives from the Hungarian ''Huszár''. Exiled Hungarian warriors introduced hussar horsemen – light cavalry armed with hollowed lance, Balkan-type shield, and sabre.
The Hungarian Kingdom's hussar banners (units) were organized into a strong, highly trained and motivated formation during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary. Under his command, the various hussar banners took part in the wars against the House of Habsburg, Bohemia, Poland and the Ottoman Empire (in 1485) and proved successful against the Turkish cavalry as well as Bohemians, Germans, Austrians, and Poles. In the Kingdom of Hungary, various peoples (Serbs, Croats, Wallachians, Hungarians) made changes to the hussar armament and thus introduced armour in terms of helmets, mail, gorgets making hussars much heavier cavalry than when they first started around 1500.
The Kingdom of Hungary's lance-armed, armour-clad hussar troops existed first in the armies of Hungary and her vassal principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia and later in the Habsburg armies until the early 17th century. The Hungarian, Wallachian and Moldavian hussars abandoned armour and heavy lances during the course of wars and pillages in the late 17th century, reinventing themselves as scrimmage, reconnaissance and pillage horsemen, becoming light cavalry, similar to the Croats in Habsburg service. In the 18th century, when Rákóczy's uprising failed in Hungary, many noble hussars, with their retainers, fled to other Central and Western European countries and became the core of similar light-cavalry formations created there, for instance, the 1st French Hussar Regiment created and trained by Count Miklós Bercsényi. Starting with the War of the Austrian Succession, the Prussian army used Hungarian-style hussar regiments extensively in the wars of Frederick the Great.
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